Firmware Flash

This page is the complete reference for the Firmware Flash page: the connection bar, the four tabs (Flash / Erase / Read / Authorize), the chip list table, multi-segment flashing, erase presets, and the progress-and-log panel on the right.

Page overview

The page has three parts: the connection bar at the top, the operation card on the left (the four tabs), and the progress-and-log panel on the right.

Flash page connection bar — serial dropdown, baud rate, chip selector, status dot.

Connection bar

• Serial (rescanned each time you open it)
• Baud rate — 115200 / 460800 / 921600 / 1000000 / 1500000 / 2000000, plus custom (300–4,000,000). Under the Authorize tab this is the authorization baud rate.
• Chip selector — under Authorize, an extra other option appears.
• Status dot — green = connected and ready; gray/red = not connected or handshake failed.

Auto-connect / auto-release

tyutool connects automatically when you start an operation and releases the port when it finishes.

Select a chip

The authoritative chip list (source: chip-manifests.ts):

Chip (-d)	Flash baud	Auth baud	Flash capacity	Erase presets
esp32	460800	115200	4 MiB	fullChip
esp32c3	460800	115200	4 MiB	fullChip
esp32c6	460800	115200	8 MiB	fullChip
esp32p4	460800	115200	16 MiB	fullChip
esp32s3	460800	115200	16 MiB	fullChip
t5ai (alias t5)	921600	115200	8 MiB	authInfo, fullChipNoRf
t1	921600	115200	8 MiB	authInfo, fullChipNoRf
t3	921600	115200	4 MiB	authInfo, fullChipNoRf
t2	921600	115200	2 MiB	authInfo, fullChipNoRf
bk7231n	921600	115200	2 MiB	authInfo, fullChipNoRf
ln882h	115200	115200	2 MiB	fullChip
other (auth only)	—	115200	—	none

note

t5ai is selected by default; the legacy t5/T5 aliases normalize to t5ai.

tip

The flash baud is adjustable, but going above 2000000 is not recommended.

info

Erase requires 4 KiB alignment (a multiple of 0x1000); only other is exempt.

Flash tab — flashing

Multi-segment flashing: up to 10 segments, each with a firmware path (.bin/.hex/.elf/.img) plus a start/end address (hexadecimal). A new segment's start defaults to the previous segment's end; once you pick firmware, the end address is auto-computed as start + file size. The Flash button is only enabled once every segment is filled in.

Flash tab — multi-segment flashing with firmware path and start/end addresses.

tip

Typical use case: write a bootloader + app in one pass.

Erase tab — erasing

Erase by address (alignment is validated in real time) or use an advanced erase preset (same meanings as in Concepts: authInfo / fullChipNoRf / fullChip). A confirmation dialog runs before execution; when an address is unaligned, an "align" action is offered.

Erase destroys data

Erase is irreversible. A full-chip erase that clears the RF cal region may leave the device unable to connect to a network. Back up first.

Erase tab — erase by address and the advanced erase presets.

Read tab — reading

Used for backup. Choose the save directory (Tauri) or let the browser download; the default filename is tyutool_read_<chip>.bin; the end address defaults to the chip's full capacity (whole-chip read). If the file already exists, choose to overwrite or append a timestamp.

note

Some chips do not support reading.

Read tab — read the flash to a file for backup.

Authorize tab — authorizing

TuyaOpen UART authorization writes UUID + AuthKey (shown masked, not copyable); a Copy credentials button is available. External links point to TuyaOpen authorization purchase and the localization docs. Operations:

• Read Auth — reads authorization, only holds the port, writes nothing.
• Authorize — writes; requires UUID + AuthKey filled in first and runs a confirmation flow.

danger

Keep your credentials safe (they are purchased). The other chip supports authorization only and has no flash plugin.

Authorize tab — UUID/AuthKey entry (masked), read-auth and authorize actions.

Progress and log

The always-on panel on the right: a phased progress bar (each phase has its own color, percentage, and indeterminate state) plus a log panel (toggle auto-scroll, clear, copy).

Progress bar and log panel — phased progress with log entries.

Port contention

The Flash page shares the same set of serial ports with the Serial Debug page.

warning

When a port is busy, tyutool asks you to release it first; you can turn on auto-release in Serial Debug (see Serial Debug).